How Private Equity Secondaries Squeeze Water from a Stone
rocks and water

Key Takeaways

Investors in secondaries acquire private equity (PE) interests later in a fund’s lifecycle, when the underlying companies are generally closer to being sold, potentially providing liquidity shortly after investment.

A diverse mix of liquidity sources from thousands of portfolio companies can create an enhanced cash flow profile for secondaries, allowing for risk mitigation, supplemental gains, and compounded returns.

Even in challenging macroeconomic environments, the diversification profile of a secondaries-focused strategy may boost distributions and liquidity compared to primaries.

Whether M&A or IPO activity is slowing or thriving, a strategy focused on secondary private equity may provide more stable cash flows compared to primary investments. However, the diversification of the underlying assets in the portfolio will likely play a key role in determining the level of cash flow.

What makes secondaries different?

Primary private equity funds can provide several benefits when compared with public market investing, but receiving cash flows early from an investment typically isn’t one. Since PE sponsors often focus on operational efficiency and value enhancement in the period immediately following the acquisition of a portfolio company, it may take several years before the company matures to a point where the sponsor will look to sell the business and distribute capital to limited partners. 

However, secondaries investors acquire interests in PE funds that are further along in their lifecycles, typically after the investment period is well underway or even completed. It’s akin to skipping the opening act and arriving just in time for the main event! This timing works in favor of secondaries investors, as they can potentially benefit from the exit and realization phase of the underlying PE funds, when the sponsors are actively seeking to sell portfolio companies and distribute the proceeds to investors. Therefore, secondaries investors may start receiving distributions shortly after closing on their investment. For instance, since the inception of Pomona Investment Fund (PIF), the average time between an LP secondary transaction and the first distribution has been just under two months.1

Where does liquidity for secondaries come from?

The sale of a portfolio company from an underlying fund (and the distribution of the proceeds to the limited partners) is one source of liquidity for secondaries. In PIF, such sales have accounted for more than 93% 1 of the liquidity generated by the portfolio since inception. The remaining liquidity consists of dividends, interest and other income. This diverse mix of sources can create an enhanced cash flow profile for secondaries, allowing for greater flexibility and potential return enhancement for investors.

Secondaries receive and benefit from liquidity in several ways
Exhibit 1: Secondaries receive and benefit from liquidity in several ways

Based on the opinions and views of Pomona Capital, subject to change. For illustrative purposes only. Investing in private equity is a risk and there is no guarantee an investment in a Pomona-sponsored fund will ultimately be profitable.

Why is liquidity important?

The potential benefits of consistent cash inflows to investors include:

  • Risk mitigation: Allows for effective risk management by reducing investment duration and realizing previously earned gains, which may enhance overall returns.
  • Supplemental gains: Offers the potential for additional gains through the uplift in the value of a company at the time of exit. This may occur when a company is conservatively valued before its sale.
  • Compounding returns: Specific to registered funds such as PIF, enables the continuous compounding of returns by reinvesting proceeds in new private equity interests, thereby maximizing the potential for long-term growth.

Liquidity, often even in adverse environments

Secondaries investors may own interests in hundreds of private equity funds, which in turn own thousands of underlying companies, increasing the potential for liquidity events. Even in extreme periods, such as when M&A activity is dramatically down or the IPO market is dormant, the diversification profile of a secondaries fund may result in distributions and liquidity. 

Despite challenging macroeconomic environments, PIF’s portfolio has demonstrated resilience and has consistently generated distributions. 

With an average annual liquidity rate of 26%2 since inception, PIF’s strong liquidity profile results from a targeted approach of acquiring well-diversified portfolios managed by top-tier general partners with identified near-term liquidity.

 

A note about risk

Secondary investments: Secondary investments: Risks include the ability of the manager to select and manage successful investment opportunities, the underlying fund risks, and general economic conditions. Secondaries are non-controlling investments. There is no established market for secondaries. 

General private equity risks 

Private equity investments are subject to various risks. These risks are generally related to: (i) the ability of the manager to select and manage successful investment opportunities; (ii) the quality of the management of each company in which a private equity fund invests; (iii) the ability of a private equity fund to liquidate its investments; and (iv) general economic conditions. Private equity funds that focus on buyouts have generally been dependent on the availability of debt or equity financing to fund the acquisitions of their investments. Depending on market conditions, however, the availability of such financing may be reduced dramatically, limiting the ability of such private equity funds to obtain the required financing or reducing their expected rate of return. Securities or private equity funds, as well as the portfolio companies these funds invest in, tend to be more illiquid, and highly speculative. 

An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the Fund(s) carefully before investing. For a free copy of the Fund’s prospectus, which contains this and other information, visit us at www.pomonainvestmentfund.com. Please read prospectus carefully before investing.

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1 As of 12/31/25. Distributions are not guaranteed and timing will vary. For more information about PIF, visit pomonainvestmentfund.com

2 As of 12/31/25. Source: Pomona Capital. For each full calendar year, a percentage calculated as the quotient of (a) total dollar amount of all distributions received by PIF for the 12-month period ended December 31 of each respective year and (b) the average value of PIF’s portfolio for the 12-month period ended December 31 of each respective year. The average noted above represents the arithmetic mean of the annual liquidity percentages calculated for each full calendar year since PIF’s inception.

 

All statements reflect the views and opinions of Pomona Capital and Voya Investment Management, which are subject to change. This document may not be reproduced or distributed without the written consent of Pomona Capital and Voya Investment Management. 

Past performance does not guarantee future results. This market insight has been prepared by Voya Investment Management for informational purposes. Nothing contained herein should be construed as (i) an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy any security or (ii) a recommendation as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling any security. Any opinions expressed herein reflect our judgment and are subject to change. Certain of the statements contained herein are statements of future expectations and other forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current views and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Actual results, performance or events may differ materially from those in such statements due to, without limitation, (1) general economic conditions, (2) performance of financial markets, (3) interest rate levels, (4) increasing levels of loan defaults, (5) changes in laws and regulations and (6) changes in the policies of governments and/or regulatory authorities. The opinions, views and information expressed in this commentary regarding holdings are subject to change without notice. The information provided regarding holdings is not a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Fund holdings are fluid and are subject to daily change based on market conditions and other factors. Voya Investments Distributor, LLC serves as the distributor for the Class A Shares and Class I Shares of Pomona Investment Fund. Pomona Capital (also known as Pomona Management, LLC) is the investment adviser to the Fund. Voya Investments Distributor, LLC and Pomona Capital are affiliated entities.

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